Chronic diseases pose a severe global public health threat marked by long duration, frequent relapse and diverse complications. Driven by precision medicine, AI and digital healthcare, chronic disease care is shifting from symptomatic therapy to early screening, risk stratification, personalized intervention and full-cycle management.

AI screening tools combined with new biomarkers support early detection and risk prediction of diabetes, chronic kidney disease and pulmonary lesions, boosting screening accuracy. Targeted and metabolic medicines lower adverse risks for cardiometabolic illnesses, while gene editing offers curative options for hereditary refractory chronic diseases. Wearable gadgets and telemedicine build closed-loop management to enable dynamic monitoring and cut recurrence and hospital admission rates. Challenges like imbalanced medical resources remain. Future studies will advance precise typing and lifelong intelligent intervention, pushing chronic disease governance from passive treatment to active health protection.